

Broaching works best for odd shapes where precision machining is needed and hence finds wide application in a number of industry in India and worldwide.īroach resembles a saw to certain extent but unlike a saw, its teeth become larger in size across its length. “Broaching is a precise machining process in metalworking domain which uses a toothed tool called broach to cut materials into a predetermined shape.

Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire That is the true horror of the events in the Punjab in 1947: one of the vilest episodes in the whole of history, a devastating illustration of the worst excesses to which human beings can succumb. It is not possible to feel sufficient emotion to appreciate this monstrous savagery and suffering. All these things happened, and many more like them not just once, but perhaps a million times.

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What does it matter to the readers of history today whether there were 200,000 deaths, or 1 million, or 2 million? On that scale, is it possible to feel proportional revulsion, to be five times more upset at 1 million deaths than at 200,000? Few can grasp the awfulness of how it might feel to have their fathers barricaded in their houses and burnt alive, their mothers beaten and thrown off speeding trains, their daughters torn away, raped and branded, their sons held down in full view, screaming and pleading, while a mob armed with rough knives hacked off their hands and feet. The very incomprehensibility of what a million horrible and violent deaths might mean, and the impossibility of producing an appropriate response, is perhaps the reason that the events following partition have yielded such a great and moving body of fictional literature and such an inadequate and flimsy factual history. In this case, it is not even a particularly good statistic. “In Stalin’s famous words, one death is a tragedy one million deaths is a statistic.
